The Death Penalty And Capital Punishment - 931 Words

In Ancient Greece, about 621 BC, the first Athenian legal system was first written down (Robert). The death penalty was applied for a particularly wide range of crimes. The Romans also used death penalty for a wide range of offenses. Historically, the death sentence was often handled with torture, and executions, except that it was done in public. In this century, the death penalty, execution or capital punishment, whatever you’d like to refer it as, is the result for committing capital crimes or capital offences and it is not in public. The death penalty has been practiced by most societies in the past, as a punishment for criminals, and political or religious dissidents. Despite the fact that many countries have negated the death penalty, over 60% of the world s population live in nations where executions still take place, such as China, India, the United States and Indonesia. Since 2009, mostly every country has banned the placement of the death penalty for a person under t he age of 18. Many countries have abolished capital punishment either in law or in practice. The only countries who still perform these executions are Iran, Saudi Arabia, Sudan and Pakistan. In the United States, Michigan was the first state to ban the death penalty, on May 18, 1846. The death penalty was declared illegal between 1972 and 1976, but in 1976 the Gregg v. Georgia case once again allowed the death penalty under certain circumstances. In the United States, 19 states and the District ofShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty1482 Words   |  6 PagesMrs. McElmoyl 12/12/14 Capital Punishment As stated by former governor of New York, Mario M. Cuomo, Always I have concluded the death penalty is wrong because it lowers us all; it is a surrender to the worst that is in us; it uses a power- the official power to kill by execution- that has never brought back a life, need inspired anything but hate. (Cuomo 1) This is one of the main arguments against capital punishment (also known as the death sentence.) Capital punishment is the ability for a governmentRead MoreCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty1410 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment in America In 1976 the Supreme Court of the United States of America ruled the Death Penalty constitutionally permissible. The debate over capital punishment has always been a topic of great controversy. Before the Supreme Court ruling in 1976 America had been practicing capital punishment for centuries. At the current time some states enforce the death penalty, while some do not. There are differences of opinion’s relating to whether or not the death penalty is the proper wayRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1017 Words   |  5 PagesName: Lucas Falley Topic: Capital Punishment Background: Capital punishment, or the death penalty, has existed for thousands of years. For as long as there has been organized society, the death penalty has existed in numerous cultures and civilizations. Throughout the years the methods have changed, but the use of capital punishment is becoming a pressing matter. Amnesty International reports that there are 140 countries worldwide that have abolished the death penalty, while over 50 countries stillRead MoreThe Death Penalty Of Capital Punishment1480 Words   |  6 Pagesjustice system, such as the death penalty. Capital punishment has been used many times in history all around the world, and it was quite popular. Many people argue that capital punishment is useful in deterring crime and that it is only fair that criminals receive death as punishment for a heinous crime. On the contrary, others see the death penalty as a violation of the 8th amendment. It restricts excessive fines, and it also does not allow cruel and unusual punishment t o be inflicted upon criminalsRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty991 Words   |  4 PagesCapital Punishment Imagine your having a normal morning, eating breakfast doing your normal routine. Suddenly your phone rings and when you answer you hear the worst news possible. One of your family members has just been murdered in cold blood. You cry, mourn, then become angry. You attend the court hearing and you sit less than 20 feet away from the murderer. Do you truly believe this person deserves to live? Or should they face a punishment that is equal to their crime? Some may say CapitalRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Capital Punishment1569 Words   |  7 Pagesthe death penalty also referred to as capital punishment. The death penalty is both useless and harmful to not only criminals but also their potential victims. This paper uses these horrific facts to try and convince the reader that the death penalty should be done away with before it is too late, although that time may have already come. With supporting evidence to support my cause, I hope that the following information sways at least one reader to see the harm of keeping the death penalty an activeRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1235 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is capital punishment? Why do people support it, but yet people cherish lives? Is it a moral thing to do? Should one be for or against the Death Penalty? Let’s take a look deep into the world of justices and why capital punishment still exists in today’s society. Capital punishment or the death penalty is a feder al punishment given to criminals who are convicted of murders. It is the highest law punishment available that can prevent future murders by developing fear within them. Capital punishmentRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is A Capital Punishment1271 Words   |  6 Pages What is the death penalty? The death penalty is a capital punishment that is punishable by death or execution. This is usually given to people that have committed serious offences or capital crimes. There are 31 states in the United States that are for the death penalty. Crimes that are punishable by the death penalty, vary from state to state. Examples of such crimes are; first degree murder or premeditated murder, murder with special circumstances, such as: intended, multiple, and murder whichRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1539 Words   |  7 PagesCapital punishment, otherwise known as the death penalty, has been the center of debate for a long time. Capital punishment may be defined as the â€Å" [e]xecution of an offender sentenced to death after conviction by a court of law of a criminal offense† (Capital Punishment). Up until 1846, when Michigan became the first to abolish the death sentence, all states allowed legal practice of capital punishment by the government (States). Currently, there 32 states still supporting the death penalty and 18Read MoreCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty965 Words   |  4 Pagesof Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online (2016), capital punishment, generally known as death penalty, is the ‘execution of an offender sentenced to death after conviction by a court of law of a criminal offense . In short, it is a legally sanctioned and administered punishment for capital criminals by forfeiture of life. To this date, bounded by four influential international protocols that proclaim the abolition and forbid the reintroduction of death penalty, more than half of the nations in the world

Competition Level Between Shanghai Port and Busan Port Free Essays

Shanghai Port Is located In the front edge of the Yawning River Delta and It becomes the first busiest container port In the world whereas Bushman Port which Is located In the southern part of the Korean peninsula ranked the fifth. Both ports handle approximately 90% of the total container throughput, and they are also the major hubs of the seaborne transportation in the world (World Port Source AAA, World Port Source Bibb). This essay will discuss the level of competition between Bushman Port and Shanghai Port, and identify the external factors that should be considered by both ports’ management in developing their strategic development plans. We will write a custom essay sample on Competition Level Between Shanghai Port and Busan Port or any similar topic only for you Order Now Level of competition The late growth of China on a global scale in recent years has affected on both Bushman Port and Shanghai Port In several levels of competition. There are three key competitions between them which are geographical positioning, transshipment capableness and low comparative costs. In terms of geographical positioning, Bushman Port has become an appropriate choice due to Its location between Japan and China. It has mm water depth and planning to Increase up to mm In 2020, and Its world class infrastructure allows the calling of mega large vessels. Furthermore, Bushman Port has 41 container berths and systematic connections for global logistics corporations to help save costs and time, so it can act as a feeder hub aiming for small ports for a majority of North-East Asian transshipment carriers. For example, inland transport in Northern China will be expensive and inconvenient, thus exporters or importers choose to transport their shipments to Bushman Port first then Shanghai Port (BAA 013). On the other hand, China created Shanghai as a finance shipping hub because Shanghai Is a port city. It became an international maritime capital because It focused on economic Instead of political logic (BAA 2013). Similarly, both Shanghai Port and Bushman Port are part of the mall trunk line functioning as hub port for relative countries, but Shanghai Port has the ambition to challenge Bushman Port as the main hub port of Northeast Asia. This Is because the growth of container volume In China ports has been fuelled by the decision of many multinational companies to locate production of a whole range of consumer goods from their domestic plants, mainly in USA and Europe, to China where production costs are much cheaper (Park, Anderson Choc 2006). However, the inconsistent weather of China has benefited South Korea. For instance, ports in China are forced to close for up to two weeks of each calendar year due to fog and stormy weather. Moreover, Shanghai Port could not compete with Bushman Port deep water harbor, causing It failed to attract mega huge vessels from big corporation to call (Shepherd 2011). Regarding to reinstatement capabilities, Shepherd (2011) stated that the newly extended feeder network of Bushman Port connects with over sixty others ports In China, five In Russia, and thirty In Japan, making Its as the chosen destination for huge vessels and to transshipment cargo. Conversely, the development of Hangs New Port which is traffic and establishing transshipment capabilities comparing to its old Wigwagging container terminal. Moreover, Shanghai Port is improving its customs clearance procedure and cargo handling system to attract more transshipment cargo (McKinney 2011). Consequently, both ports have similar transshipment capabilities which are also the main competitiveness between them. Towards low comparative costs, in order to attract more transshipment cargo, Bushman Port promoted ‘Free Trade Zone’, reducing port tariffs, and exempting 100% of Transshipment Entrance Fee since 2003 as the marketing strategies to attract foreign investment and compete with Shanghai Port (Park, Anderson and Choc 2006). For example, the exemption of the $2. 0 for 1 TEE entrance fee could reduce the $2,200 fee for a vessel carrying 1,000 TIES, and it also provides exclusive berths for coastal shipping companies and offers volume incentives to secure more cargo volumes (BAA 2013). On the other hand, Shanghai Port utilized a Volume Incentive System for shipping companies when the transportation volume is increas ed by more than 20% compared with the previous year. In addition, the Shanghai Port has also been trying to improve competitiveness by discounting port tariff in the Hangs New Port, and plan to establish logistics Free Trade Zone in the hinterland (Park, Anderson and Choc 2006). External factors in developing strategic plans There are several external factors that should be considered by Bushman Port and Shanghai Port in developing their strategies development plans. The first factor is the government involvement. According to Lee, Lee, Gang Lee (201 1), port management had changed rapidly in recent years due to the structural changes in international trade and sea transport, so government plays an important role to cope with the changes of environment. The establishment of co-petition and global network between competitors will generate positive impact on efficiency and access of the port management strategies with the special government support (Shepherd 2011). In addition, government can encourage shipping companies to form alliances where they can connect their transport system hence improving services. Moreover, the supplementary government supports with positive impact on efficiency, credibility, and competitiveness of the port management strategies could lead Bushman Port to have greater impact function as a Northeast Sais’s hub-Port (McKinney 2011). Additionally, the advancement of government policies are followed by the changes made in the environment of port management. How government involves in port management will impact on the port’s future developing of plans. In Shanghai, the central government had not implicated in the ownership of ports, but had got involved in an oversight role for strategic planning. For example, local authority had rights to undertake the ports planning, but still all plans had to be approved by central government (Xx 2007). This cooperation between government and port management will lead to improvement of international trade. Furthermore, comply with the Port Laws, it can encourage foreign investment as to build an attractive business environment in Shanghai Port, presenting Shanghai Port as an International Shipping Centre (SC) (McKinney 2011). Secondly, the growth of ports in the world had been affected due to the global economic downturn in 2012. Negative economic growth will not only put current projects at risks, but also the future project. This will the government to have less revenues and resources (Waters 2012). Therefore, the government should step in and take control of the situation. Government needs to prepare the country to become a low cost and high productivity place to invest which then attracts foreign investments, helping the country to generate profits. For example, government could implement strategies, such as education and direct investment (FED) to promote the local economy for future development of ports (Port Technology 2013). The investment in human capital or education can produce workers with better knowledge, and the productivity will increase when workers have more capabilities. Moreover, governments can send port employees to countries like Singapore and Hong Kong to familiarize with their operating system as they are the world most efficient ports. This will improve the port technology and productivity whilst workers return. Furthermore, economic growth can be achieved with the redevelopment of Bushman North Port and the nearer completion of Bushman New Port had as it will create whereas Shanghai Port can also benefited from the increase of national strength in China (Xx 2007). Another factor is the inland transport system. A well developed port should also include efficient inland transport. This is because multinational shipping company will normally choose port with speedy and productivity connection between the port and inland transportation to faster deliver cargoes to their customers (ROR, Lanai Maim 2007). Therefore, both South Korea and China government should increase attention and funding towards the improvement of inland transport system within the port, such as railway network which connect to major cities in the countries. Moreover, the investments in rail and road access could help Bushman Port and Shanghai Port to remain as the major container hubs in the world, and create a swift, simple and cheap choice of transportation to transfer cargo within the countries as well as produce more Jobs for the locals (Shepherd 2011). In addition, governments could also focus on congestion robber especially in the city to allow trucks to transport goods more rapidly. For example, encouraging trucks to operate in certain hours and taking a detour road can help to save time and cost (Lee 2013). As a result, good connection of inland transport could help Bushman Port and Shanghai Port reduces the problem of congestion, and also allows cargoes could smoothly move through the port. Apart from the previous mentioned factors, environmental pollution is another key external factor that Bushman Port and Shanghai Port have to consider in developing their strategic development Lana. There are several causes of the port environmental pollution. For instance, diesel engines at ports, trucks, trains, and cargo handling equipment, creating a lot of air pollution that has affected the health of port workers, and residents living in the communities. In addition, major ports especially Shanghai operating around residential areas or city, causing both workers and residents to face extraordinarily high health risks which related to air pollution. According from the human epidemiological and California studies, diesel exhaust increases risks of cancer, and approximately 70% of the cancer risk is caused by air pollution (NRC 2004). Furthermore, the dredging berth and deepening access channels of Shanghai Port and Bushman Port in order to accommodate large vessels in the future are causing water pollution. It not only damages the water quality, marine life and ecosystems, traffic Jams, and could be loud, ugly and brightly lit at night. These effects also pose negative health effects to human. For instance, noise pollution has been linked to hearing impairment, high blood pressure, lack of sleep, performance reduction, and even aggression behavior. Bright lights at night and the flashing lights of straddle carries and forklifts could influence surrounding residents, leading stress and irritation (NRC 2004). Consequently, Bushman Port and Shanghai Port have to do their best to avoid, to prevent, to control, and to measure the environmental pollution which caused by several port operations, with the ultimate aim to become a green port. Conclusion In conclusion, Bushman Port and Shanghai Port have their own respective advantages to compete with each other in several aspects in order to gain competitive advantages in the marine industry. However, there are several external factors that Bushman Port and Shanghai Port have to take into consideration while developing their strategic development plans in order to avoid the disadvantages to them. How to cite Competition Level Between Shanghai Port and Busan Port, Papers

Organisation structure free essay sample

The organization structure refers to the ways in which the organization’s activities are divided, grouped, and coordinated between managers and employees. The structure is based on the organizational design and has to be appropriate to the strategy of the organization Cream Dream is a small business concern at present. It has a very limited line of products and needs to make efficient use of its resources. Based on its size and product offerings, the organization will adopt functional organization structure, which is the most basic and logical form of structure. The structure will provide a slim management structure. There is one Managing Director who is also being responsible for financial aspect of the business. There are one general manager who is responsible for will look into administration, marketing side and human resource . In Cream Dream, the senior-ranking managers are responsible for the operations of the entire organization. The chain of command is being maintain, that is who reports to whom. We will write a custom essay sample on Organisation structure or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This will ensure better supervision of the employees through proper guidance and control. Competitive Edge Our competitive edge is our unique niche in an old market. Although restaurants, cafes, bakeries, ice cream shops, etc have an established position in the marketplace, none are quite like Rutabaga Sweets. We are offering the customers a completely new experience and far higher quality product. No where else will they find a professional chef preparing gourmet desserts right in front of them. The amazing popularity of the Food Network is proof of the publics new-found interest in being a spectator in the kitchen. Read more: http://www. bplans. com/dessert_bakery_business_plan/competitive_edge_fc. php#ixzz2vfToHlof Our competition will be more varied. Since this is the first combination of a convenience store and ice cream/soda shop, competition will result from two areas. 1. Convenience stores- This competition will be from national franchises that have established convenience stores in or near Bend, Oregon. Although they will focus more on the in-and-out customer, we will be able to provide the same speed with better quality and service. 2. Ice cream/soda shops- One such store exists currently in Bend. While they have a strong customer base, we will be able to break into the market due to our prime location near the OSU campus and the variety of products and services that can be attained at one place. 3. Coffee shops- There are many coffee shops that offer a place for reading or studying. However, The Coffee Break will focus on providing gourmet coffee for those needing to continue on with their day. We feel that great coffee should not be available only for those who want to stay and mingle. Our coffee will soon be a recognized as a known standard for campus drinks, especially since there are no other nearby coffee shops for those on campus. Read more: http://www. bplans. com/convenience_store_soda_fountain_business_plan/products_and_services_fc. php#ixzz2vfWNg3tp Competitive Edge Convenience stores are nothing new and can frequently be found is towns and cities. Location and demand are essential to be successful and profitable. The Coffee Breaks location will be a large factor to its success. Often, students do not want to travel distances between classes or during their scheduled day. We will be able to facilitate their needs at a great convenience, while still providing exceptional quality. Also, our location will be easily accessible for those who are traveling to Mount Bachelor or other outdoor recreation areas. The Coffee Break will not only offer convenience, but good quality foods and goods. Well offer a feeling of nostalgia by operating a soda fountain and ice cream extension to the basic convenience store. We will also will provide high quality beverages, including a small coffee bar. Unlike other convenience stores, we will offer food different from that of a common convenience stores food selection. We will provide a variety of meals and snacks that are tasty and nutritious. Our location, merchandise, and attention to customer service will put The Coffee Break ahead of competition. Also, our extended hours will facilitate those who need items after supermarkets have closed. Read more: http://www. bplans. com/convenience_store_soda_fountain_business_plan/strategy_and_implementation_summary_fc. php#ixzz2vfWuqoTH Management Summary The Coffee Break will operate under the owner, Bree Sallee. At start-up there will be 4 other employees, this will be increased as the market shows demand for more assistance. 6. 1 Organizational Structure Owner, Bree Sallee, will be sole manager while The Coffee Break gets established. Due to the fluctuation in operational factors, most work will be carried on by students who desire flexible hours. All employees will answer directly to Bree Sallee. By having smaller shifts, this will also save in the compensation needed for employees, such as insurance. 6. 2 Management Team Bree Sallee, is owner/manager. With many years of experience in the retail and food channels, she understands the fluctuation in market demands. Also, she has resided in Bend for the past 15 years, cultivating an understanding for the local market. She has a Bachelors degree from Boise State University. The need for additional managers will be evaluated based on our personnel need and budget. 6. 3 Personnel Plan The Coffee Break will start with 4 employees, along with owner. From there, we will be able to determine the need for additional help. As the recreational season fluctuates along with the school term, we will gather employees accordingly. Personnel Plan Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Bree Sallee $19,200 $20,525 $22,450 Other $3,360 $3,360 $3,360 Cashier 1 $6,720 $7,436 $7,602 Cashier 2 $6,720 $7,436 $7,602 Cashier 3 $6,720 $7,436 $7,602 Cashier 4 $6,720 $7,436 $7,602 Total People 6 6 6 Total Payroll $49,440 $53,629 $56,220 Read more: http://www. bplans. com/convenience_store_soda_fountain_business_plan/management_summary_fc. php#ixzz2vfXP9k6h Competitive Comparison No other business in El Centro specifically caters to the shaved ice market on a large scale. It is anticipated that prices will be competitive with other businesses who sell shave ice on a smaller basis. Read more: http://www. bplans. com/shaved_ice_beverage_business_plan/products_fc. php#ixzz2vfYRKb8f Competition and Buying Patterns The shave ice business will be new to El Centro. Competitors in this type of business primarily sell raspados or sno-cones and do not focus on the shave ice market. One major competitor is the Snow Shack located on State Street. Snow Shack sells sno-cones through a small, one person trailer with limited choices of syrups. Other competitors sell sno-cones through Garcias Market and the Wal-Mart store which also have limited syrup selections and do not necessarily focus on the sno-cone or shave ice industry as their primary product. The keys to success will definitely focus on selling shave ice and not sno-cones made with coarse ice and selling high quality syrups. Prices will also be competitive with those of the competition. Management Summary Ice Dreams will hire an employee to assist with the business. Ice Dreams will require minimum daily supervision after it has been established since all three products are fairly easy to make. 6. 1 Organizational Structure Ofelia R. Arellano, the owner, will have one individual assisting her with the business. Long range plans will include a second employee to assist with the weekend hours. 6. 2 Management Team Ofelia R. Arellano is the most important member of the management team. Dr. Arellano is a graduate of the University of California, Santa Barbara with several advanced degrees (Masters and Doctorate in Psychology). She has spent the last six years working as an administrator overseeing a budget of approximately $800,000. Ofelia will oversee the business primarily during the weekend hours and Frank Arellano will oversee the business during weekdays along with one employee. Business expertise include: Budget Control History Based Budgeting Object-Code Budgeting Program Budgeting Planned Programming Budgeting Systems Personnel Management Management by Goals and Objectives Strategic Planning Long-Range Planning Total Quality Management Operational Planning Public Relations Advertising for Educational Purposes Marketing Research Consulting Community Leadership Advisory Boards Business and Educational Partnerships City Planning and Development Board of Director, San Ysidro Planning and Development Group Business Needs Assessment and Consultation Board of Directors, San Ysidro Chamber of Commerce Frank Arellano will serve as a consultant on a volunteer basis. Mr. Arellano spent over 35 years in the retail business handling marketing and inventory for a major food chain. He is familiar with all aspects of business management and operations having owned and operated his own grocery store in El Centro. Mr. Arellano will also assist in the building design, landscaping layout and business marketing. Mr. Arellano will supervise the business during the week days which means managing one employee. 6. 3 Personnel Plan Monthly personnel cost estimates are included in the following table. Personnel Plan Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Assistant $10,800 $11,232 $11,681 Owner $0 $0 $0 Total People 1 1 1 Total Payroll $10,800 $11,232 $11,681

The Homecoming Essay Example

The Homecoming Essay By comparing The Homecoming with at least one other appropriate play, discuss the importance of violence in post 1945 dramaUp until 1945, the world has endured decades of war and violence which affected the lives of everyone through the duration of it. It affected the way people lived, the way people worked and even how plays were written. Since the war, violence has subsequently become one of the key themes in post 1945 plays such as Pinters The Homecoming and Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf by Edward Albee.Although both plays include the theme of violence, they contrast with one another. This is because Harold Pinter expresses violence to the audience in a subtle, unusual way which is dissimilar to Albees play. In The Homecoming, there are no scenes of physical violence. It consists of a house filled with male characters where hostility is an accepted constituent of their lifestyle through the use of verbal warfare so to speak.This reflects the situation in Whos Afraid of Virginia Wo olf. In Albees play, George and Martha find themselves in the same situation as violence is an accepted part of their lifestyle too. This play however, demonstrates more direct acts of violence such as the incident where Martha is consistently teasing George about his novel and, despite numerous warnings from George, he lashes out and strangles her Martha by the throat until Nick shoves him off.I think the theme of violence is an important topic within post 1945 plays, if used effectively. This is because it unlocks a whole new generation of drama which enables new levels of excitement. The storyline in The Homecoming may be implausible, yet the violence in the play are very accurate to reality as Pinter documents the domestic aspects of human nature.In Pinters The Homecoming, there is a ruthless battle for territory and power, with Max losing his position within the household and Lenny somewhat taking the dominant role. This conflict reflects the conflict in Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf. This is because of George and Marthas ongoing conflict as they try to fight and humiliate eachother in new, inventive ways. George and Martha battle this out as if its a daily fixation.In The Homecoming, hints of violence are demonstrated such as Max telling the audience that he was once one of the toughest men in East London, having all men move out his way in the street. This must have come as a shock to theatre audiences, and certainly a drastic change to themes and issues encased in pre 1945 theatre productions. Nevertheless, this method is effective because despite the lack physical violence, this is made up with stories aided by the vulgar and gruesome language.Pinter sets his play within one room in the comfortable domestic household. Pinter experiments with a new method of conveying a subtle type of violence. He does this through the frequent uses of pauses and silences within the play to develop a sense of peril which is in contrast to methods used in Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf. Pinter also uses much more direct violence. Listen! Ill chop your spine off if you talk to me like that. This is a brutal and harsh threat from Max to his son Lenny. It is violence like this which is effective as it captures the audiences attention and is maintained by the constant source of friction throughout the course of the play.Violence is of huge importance to post 1945 drama. Following from the horrific events during the course of the war, hostility and aggression can no longer be ignored as a social issue. The use of violence in post 1945 plays enable playwrights such as Pinter (The Homecoming) and Albee (Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf) to express human emotion in a realist manner, allowing audiences of all classes to relate to this kind of human nature and appreciate the effectiveness of it.

What to Wear on the First Day of School

What to Wear on the First Day of School Its time to start thinking about your first day at private school. What do you wear? Weve got some essential tips and tricks to help your first day go smoothly.   First, Check on the Dress Code It doesnt matter what grade your child is in, kindergarten or high school, many private schools have dress codes. The first thing you want to do is check to make sure the clothes you buy fit these requirements. Specific slacks or shirts with collars are common, and even colors can be dictated at times, so be sure youre in accordance with the guidelines. Not sure what they are? Check out the schools website, which will often have information for families. If you cant find it there, ask the student life office or check with admission, and someone can point you in the right direction.   Dress in Layers You may want to dress in layers, even if you dont have a dress code that requires it (many private schools require blazers). Bring a light jacket, cardigan, or even a vest to wear, as some rooms can get chilly with the air conditioning on, while others may not have air conditioning all. If  youve just lugged a backpack across campus in 80-degree heat, well, youre going to want to be wearing something lightweight and cool once you get settled.   Make Sure Everything Fits Well This may seem obvious but is often overlooked. The first day of school is stressful enough, trying to find the right classrooms and where to eat lunch, so having to constantly pull at a shirt that is too tight or pants that are too loose can be a huge distraction. Avoid showing too much skin or wearing overly baggy clothing, too. Looking neat and clean is the way to go.   Try your clothes on before the first day of school and make sure it fits well, feels good, and isnt going to distract you.  Especially when kids are growing, parents may tend to buy clothes that the children can grow into, but for the first day of school, being comfortable and having clothes fit well is crucial. The last thing you want to do is get embarrassed in front of students at a new school after tripping on your pants that are too long, so parents, be sure to help out on this one! Wear Comfortable Shoes Again, make sure to check on the dress code at your school first to make sure your shoes are within the given guidelines, as some schools ban sneakers, flip-flops, open-toed shoes, and even certain kinds of hiking boots. But, the most important thing, after adhering to guidelines, is to make sure your shoes are comfortable. This is especially important if youre going to a boarding school or private school with a large campus. You may find that you have to walk a distance in between classes, and shoes that hurt your feet can be a real pain (literally!) and can affect your ability to get where you need to go on time, and in a good mood. If you get new shoes for school, be sure to wear them throughout the summer and break them in.   Dont Go Crazy With Jewelry or Accessories Some students want to make sure they stand out and look the part but leave your Harry Potter cape at home, and stick with the basics. Dont go overboard with accessories and jewelry either. Constantly clinking bracelets on your arm or jingling bells for earrings can be a distraction to you and those around you. Younger students may be even more at risk for distractions by playing with things like  scarves or bejeweled items. Simple and classic is ideal for the first day, no matter what age. Avoid Heavy Colognes or Perfumes​ This one may be more for  high school students, but skip the extra dose of perfume, cologne or after-shave. Too many scents mixed together in one room can be a distraction and can give you a headache. Its best to keep the scented stuff to a minimum.

Big Data and Supply Chain Management Essay

Big Data and Supply Chain Management Essay Introduction Big data has become one of the most important aspects of supply chain management. The concept of big data refers to the massive data sets that are generated when millions of individual activities are tracked. These data sets are processed to yield insights that help inform managerial decision-making. Supply chains in particular have leveraged big data because companies have been able to develop technology to not only capture hundreds of millions of data points, but to process them in meaningful ways to eliminate waste and promote efficiency in the supply chain systems. This paper will examine the concept of big data, how it has arisen and come to dominate supply chain management, and look at the different ways big data is transforming the supply chain function. Lastly, the paper will take a closer look at the future for big data with respect to supply chain management. As it becomes easier to gather data, and as there are diminishing returns to statistical robustness as the number of data points increases, are the competitive advantages of big data going to diminish? The Evolution of Supply Chain Management The field of logistics management was focused on controlling the flow of materials, in-process inventory and finished goods through a companys system from the time that it enters the system until the time that it leaves the system (Cooper, Lambert Pagh, 1997). As the field became more strategic in nature, it came to encompass other issues, such as sourcing materials and building in redundancy (Cooper Ellram,1993). More than simply moving things from point A to point B, the field became holistic in nature, where the quality and price of goods were factored into purchasing decisions as well as the logistics of getting those goods to the right place at the right time. Driving this change was the move towards a globalized marketplace. Globalization increased the complexity of the supply chain, adding longer transportation routes, border wait times, currency exchange, duties and tariffs, and a host of other variables that now had to be taken into consideration – logistics has rem ained important but it always viewed in context with the rest of the supply chain. Big Data The concept of big data really began to arise in the 1990s but has become increasingly important since that point. Big Data refers to the use of very large data sets to enhance managerial decision-making. The concept of big data arose as technology has developed to allow businesses to capture enormous data sets, and process them relatively easily (Boyd Crawford, 2012). Companies have long collected data at a rudimentary level. Loyalty programs and credit cards represented an evolution in the ability of companies to collect data and distill that data into consumer spending habits. This information is then made actionable by letting companies understand more about buying patterns. Big data is similar, but with a lot more data. One of the major advantages of big data is that it allows for complex problems to be solved. A modern supply chain can be exceptionally complex, and one of the important things about this complexity is that no one person can effectively make all the decisions â €“ decision-making tools are needed that can ensure not only consistent decision-making across the company but coordinated decision-making as well (Hult, Ketchen Slater, 2004). It is these coordinating mechanisms where the true power of big data lies – being able to identify things and make decisions that an entire team of humans working without big data would probably never be able to identify (Fugate, Sahin Mentzer,2005). Once big data gets to that point, a company can generate true competitive advantage. And when a company is large enough that is has a data advantage, it will be able to sustain that advantage, which is why there has been such a rush in recent years with respect to big data. As the concept was being fleshed out in academia, businesses were just starting to learn what they could do with all of the information that they were collecting – and one of the applications was to move away from marketing and use data to make decisions about the supply chain (McAfee Bryjolfsson, 2012). One of the first steps that companies needed to make was to hire data scientists – the sort of people who could process these data sets and derive useful information about them. Data scientists suddenly became popular, for their ability to take vast quantities of data, and derive actionable findings from that data (Provost Fawcett, 2013). At the heart of the drive to adopt big data is competitive advantage. Companies have invested in their data programs because they can derive significant advantage from big data under two conditions. The first is that larger companies have access to more data than smaller companies. The incremental cost of data acquisition is lower, and the companys ability to use that data in decision-making is theoretically better. The second is that even among larger companies, there are first-mover advantages to be had. This is evident in the supply chain, especially among companies that are competing on price. Using the classic example of Wal-Mart, one o f the leaders of data-driven supply chains, the company competes on offering the lowest prices, as do most of its competitors. Thus, if it can lower the cost of getting goods to its stores, it can pass those savings along to customers. There is opportunity for competitive advantage under that scenario, if cost leadership is the chosen strategy. Even when cost leadership is not the strategy, making the groundbreaking decision early puts a company in a better competitive position than its competitors (LaValle, et al, 2010). Big Data in the Supply Chain As the largest non-oil company in the world, Wal-Mart is looked to as a leader, so the fact that they were first movers on the use of big data in supply chain management has ensured that the rest of retail – and other industries as well – have followed. Some of the technologies that Wal-Mart has adopted allow the company to track its inventory from when it leaves the supplier –if not before – all the way through the logistics channel. Once Wal-Mart takes possession of the good, that good is scanned regularly through the process. The companys trucks are tracked via satellite. Stores use automatic re-ordering triggers to ensure that goods can be received as soon as they are needed. The goals of all this are to lower inventory holding costs by reducing the amount of inventory that stores have. Goods are turned over more quickly, because Wal-Mart receives them only days before it expects to sell them. Big data plays a significant role in ensuring that this pro cess can be achieved. There are a couple of key areas highlighted for big data in supply chain management. Demirkan Delen (2013) note that data, and how a company uses its data, is one of the ways it can truly differentiate from its competitors. It can be difficult to truly and consistently attract superior talent, and it can take time to move the needle on brand image, but data has become a popular means of finding competitive advantage largely because it is new, and firms in many industries are basically in a data arms race to find innovative ways to use their data to extract competitive advantage. The first is predictive analytics. Data science often focuses on using past events to predict future ones, and that is one of the main uses for big data in supply chain management. For example, if Wal-Mart in Smalltown, OH is running out of shovels at the end of February, and it takes twenty days to order new ones from China, including manufacturing and shipping times, three things can happen. The company can order a lot of shovels and ensure that they have supply. If spring comes, those shovels will sit in a warehouse until next November. They could also run out of shovels, but a late-season snow could leave demand on the table if the store lacks inventory. Modelling both weather patterns and local buying patterns can help the company to settle on demand. Even when weather is not a factor, the company can examine past purchasing patterns to set order quantities. The earlier it can set these quantities, the better response it can get from suppliers. Wal-Mart knows already what the no rmal amount of hot dogs it sells on the 4th of July, for example, so it can feed that information to its suppliers to ensure that they have those dogs at the Wal-Mart warehouse, exactly in the quantity Wal-Mart needs. Predictive analytics is used in supply chain management to take the variability out of the system as much as possible. Inventory usage is reduced, as is the potential for waste, especially with perishable goods. The chances of disappointed customers is also reduced. It is almost impossible – and certainly it is impossible for a company like Wal-Mart – to have exactly everything delivered exactly when the customer needs it. That means that there is always room for improvement. The pathway to improvement lies with bigger data sets, better analytics, and at scale even small incremental gains in the robustness of data or the ability of the company to analyze the data can yield meaningful financial gains (Waller Fawcett, 2013). But using data for something like predictive analytics – managerial decision-making, essentially – requires having good data, lots of it, and the means by which to process it. This is where larger companies enjoy scale advantages in big data. First, the technology to track events is not necessarily cheap. It can involve scanners, and certain involves large amounts of servers, routers, cloud storage – a lot of hardware. Larger companies are at an advantage in buying this hardware but they also have advantage in that they have many more data points. Wal-Mart can estimate sales because it has several years worth of sales, and can break these down by product, store, day, or even time of day. And instead of guessing for decision-making, the companys managers can look at the data and make the decision that on average delivers the greatest outcome. Data replaces decision-making heuristics when the data is sufficiently robust. Because the transference of big data relies on the Internet and communications technology infrastructure, that ICT infrastructure becomes a risk point for many companies but it also becomes a critical point of investment for companies that work with big data – how fast can the data collected on-site make its way to the decision-making tools matters in many businesses where time is of the essence in decision-making (Lu, et al, 2013). Predictive analytics has more than just value in ordering; it can help businesses to identify trends more quickly. This can be critical to advantage in some industries. Think of a fast fashion retailer – it needs to identify trends as soon as possible to get its knock-off clothes onto the market while the fashions are still fresh. Instead of anticipating, which is fraught with error, it can react to trends that have been verified with data. By understanding buying patterns and market cycles, companies can make better choices about what they make and when. This, in turn, is important to the supply chain, because companies also need to know what they need to produce their goods, and when. If there are fluctuations in availability, of if there is any variability among suppliers, then big data has the ability to point these factors out, and give the company an opportunity to deal with them proactively (Wang et al, 2016). Impact of Big Data When the concept of big data was first being elaborated, it promised major impact on business. Instead of guessing, firms would be able to make data-driven decisions that would reduce error, reduce waste and improve speed. As firms understand how to gather the data that they need, and to process it, they become more adept at this, big data has a bigger impact. Some leading firms have used the predictive powers of big data to help with their marketing. Amazon, for example, will recommend products to its customers based on what they have viewed and what they have purchased. Netflix does the same thing – and thereby encourages binge-watching of its shows. Both of these companies have become leaders in their respective businesses, and Netflix has done this specifically in the era of big data, by using that data to foster brand loyalty (Chen, Chiang Storey, 2012). If a company ends up as a first mover in big data, it will be able to gain advantage, and in many cases will make market share gains. Amazon faced a challenge from Wal-Mart a few years, ago, but has made use of big data to driver a high level of brand loyalty, while Wal-Mart fell short on its ability to use big data on the marketing side of its business. Netflix faced threat when major studios wanted to charge more for their content – so it created its own content and even more importantly used big data to improve the information architecture of its platform, allowing people to find content they want to consume. This increased the value of Netflix for many customers, thereby driving business value. Google uses data to target ads better, and charge its customers a premium. Customers are willing to pay more for a Google ad because they know that they will get more traction. So it is important that companies understand data on a conceptual level. One of the reasons that this is so important is that data today comes from a variety of different sources. This ties back to the concept of supply chain management, where the supply chain is a highly-integrated system with many parts from one end to the other. Understanding how the different variables within this system interact so that supply chain systems can be redesign in a more optimal way. Consider the way FedEx used the hub-and-spoke model before passenger airlines thought to do so. Consider how Wal-Mart designed its entire logistics network around lowering the amount of time that it takes for stores to restock. There are different approaches, but the innovations should derive from analysis of the data that identifies areas where the company might potentially perform better. Maybe sourcing goods from a certain country is no longer the lowest cost method, given how long it takes to get those goods to marke t. There are different ways of conceptualizing a supply chain, and now that companies are able to use data analytics to make those decisions, it is likely that many firms will start to restructure their supply chain (Tan et al, 2015). Total cost will become more important, but so too will overall responsiveness. Sourcing locally might provide a company with the responsiveness it needs for certain products that have higher variability in demand, for example. Future Directions While there is presently a shortage of people who have strong data analysis skills, these skills are becoming increasingly in demand, and schools are starting to train more students in the use of big data. One of the important factors here is that data has become much cheaper – big data arises because the cost of acquiring any given data point is very small, and continuing to shrink. Retailers in particular have been able to reduce their cost of data acquisition dramatically (Chen, Chiang Storey, 2012). Key to learning about the use of data is how to identify the problems that can be solved with data, how to match the data you have with the problems that you want to solve, and then developing systems to acquire the data that you do not have. At this high level of understanding, a company that thinks a good data game is in a much better position because having the right data matters just as much as knowing what to do with that data (Hazen, et al, 2014). The cloud and the Internet of Things (IoT) are driving a lot of changes in the way companies do business, and big data is playing a significant role in this restructuring of business. Zaslavsky, Perera and Georgakopoulos (n.d.) note that data is becoming a service function, with companies preparing to offer the means by which data can be acquired as a service, and the same for data analytics. We know that data is cheap to acquire, but combine that with lowering costs of processing data and there is a business model here, as well as one that focuses on using data to enhance business. The IoT will be more engaged in the data gathering process. For example, while convention supply chain data gathering might involve devices at the store level, the IoT might drill down further, to the individual level. Ovens could know how many people are cooking a frozen pizza and this information could be sold to frozen pizza makers, so that they can get a better sense of not only the performance of the ir products but of their competitors as well. This is the example a hungry person thinks up, but with more devices having some internet capability, it seems likely that type of application will emerge. Tesla is already a leader in gathering data about driving from its cars (Edelstein, 2016 Hull, 2016). Another progressive idea is that of big data benchmarking. If it is possible to buy and sell data to the point where a company can learn about the best practices at all levels for multiple companies in an industry, that would be incredibly valuable information to any firm in that industry. With the data explosion has come a rapid pace of innovation in the gathering and use of data. With this will come firms that buy and sell data, without actually gathering their own. Until now, data has largely been proprietary in nature, as a key source of sustainable competitive advantage, but as the cost of data acquisition declines, this might not be the case much longer. Secondary markets for data are already emerging and ultimately data will become commoditized – this process might take many years but it will happen and that will make for interesting analysis about the future of data , in particular the extent to which data can continue to be a driver of competitive advantage going forw ard (Ghazal et al, 2013). Finally, big data is also becoming a competitive weapon, which makes security of big data a major issue. Companies that gather and own data sets, and in particular the usable intelligence that has been gathered from those data sets, are increasingly going to be targeted with hacks. Security of big data is going to be an issue going forward. This is especially true of supply chain data, because that is powerful business intelligence. So it will be necessary, especially when using remote or cloud solutions, that data security is paid attention to, as the more that data becomes a source of competitive advantage the more at risk it will likely be. Conclusion Supply chain management had already emerged as a force in business, a holistic view of the supply chain that started with logistics but incorporated purchasing, product design and marketing as well, in order that supply chain decisions were not just based on a simply understanding of cost, but a complex one that took into account a number of different variables. Ultimately, supply chain management required significant amounts of data to be effective, and this realization occurred at just the time that managers realized they had the ability to gather, store and process data much more cheaply and easily than before. The transactional value of data grew at precisely the time that the acquisition cost declined. Data is typically used to aid in managerial decision making. Some companies have focused on the low-level decision where they seek out incremental gains on repeatable processes, knowing that those processes and other companies have sought insight that will allow them to completely transform their supply chains. Big data has become so important because the companies that are using it tend to be the market leaders. It is apparent that there is a scale value to data, which means that the largest companies, ones that have more data and lower data acquisition costs, are going to have sustainable competitive advantage. This has driven demand for data experts, such that there is a shortage of such individuals. Big data is going to continue to influence supply chain decision-making. There will be more points at which data is gathered, and the cost of processing data will continue to drop. There will still be a strong need, however, for talent that can conceptualize how that data should be used – after all, companies need to ask the right questions to get the most out of their data. If they can do that, they can sustain competitive advantage. In addition to there being an increasing ability to gather data, another reality is that many companies are going to be in the business of selling data. A company like Google sells data by proxy with its advertising, but as data becomes commoditized, the market for data will become more developed. An interesting aspect of this is that competitive benchmarking will be more common with respect to data practices. Firms will need to be careful to ensure that their proprietary data is secure so that they can maintain the competitive advantages that their data is giving them. If they can, then they can gain first mover advantage for tactics that deliver incremental gains, or the complete overhaul of a system to take advantage of something gleaned from the data. References / Works Cited Boyd, D. Crawford, K. (2012). Critical questions for big data: Provocations for a cultural, technological, and scholarly phenomenon. Information, Communication and Society. 15 (5) 662-679. Chen, H., Chiang, R. Storey, V. (2012) Business intelligence and analytics: From big data to big impact. MIS Quarterly 36 (4) 1165-1188. Cooper, M. Ellram, L. (1993). Characteristics of supply chain management and the implications for purchasing and logistics strategy. International Journal of Logistics Management 4 (2) 13-24. Cooper, M., Lambert, D., Pagh, J. (1997). Supply chain management: More than a new name for logistics. The International Journal of Logistics Management. 8 (1) 1-14. Demirkan, H. Delen, D. (2013) Leveraging the capabilities of service-oriented decision support systems: Putting analytics and big data in cloud. Decision Support Systems. 55 (2013) 412-421. Edelstein, S. (2016) Teslas autonomous-car efforts use big data no other carmaker has. Green Car Reports. Retrieved April 1, 2017 from http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1108065_teslas-autonomous-car-efforts-use-big-data-no-other-carmaker-has Fugate, B, Sahin, F. Mentzer, J. (2005) Supply chain management coordination mechanisms. University of Tennessee. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brian_Fugate/publication/228349679_Supply_Chain_Management_Coordination_Mechanisms/links/0c96051e3eaaa0280f000000/Supply-Chain-Management-Coordination-Mechanisms.pdf Hull, D. (2016) The Tesla advantage: 1.3 billion miles of data. Bloomberg. Retrieved April 1, 2017 from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-12-20/the-tesla-advantage-1-3-billion-miles-of-data Hult, G., Ketchen, D. Slater, S. (2004). Information processing, knowledge development and strategic supply chain performance. Academy of Management Journal. 47 (2) 241-253. LaValle, S., Lesser, E., Shockley, R., Hopkins, M. Kruschwitz, N. (2010). Big data, analytics and the path from insights to value. MIT Sloan Management Review. http://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/big-data-analytics-and-the-path-from-insights-to-value/ Lu, T., Guo, X., Xu, B., Zhao, L., Peng, Y., Yang, H. (2013). Next big thing in big data: The security of the ICT supply chain. IEEE Computer Society. Retrieved April 1, 2017 from http://diyhpl.us/~nmz787/pdf/Next_Big_Think_in_Big_Data__the_Security_of_the_ICT_Supply_Chain.pdf McAfee, A. Brynjolfsson, E. (2012). Big data: The management revolution. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved April 1, 2017 from http://www.rosebt.com/uploads/8/1/8/1/8181762/big_data_the_management_revolution.pdf Provost, F. Fawcett, T. (2013) Data science and its relationship to big data and data-driven decision-making. Big Data. 1 (1) 51-59. Tan, K., Zhan, Y., Ji, G., Ye, F. Chang, C. (2015) Harvesting big data to enhance supply chain innovation capabilities: An analytic infrastructure based on deduction graph. International Journal of Economics. 165 (2015) 223-233. Waller, M. Fawcett, S. (2013). Data science, predictive analytics, and big data: A revolution that will transform supply chain design and management. Journal of Business Logistics. 34 (2) 77-84. Wang, G., Gunasekaran, A., Ngai, E. Papadopoulos, T. (2016). Big data analytics in logistics and supply chain management: Certain investigations for research and applications. International Journal of Production Economics. 176 (June 2016) 98-110. Zaslavsky, A., Perera, C. Georgakopoulos, D. (no date). Sensing as a service and big data. https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1301/1301.0159.pdf

MANY TIMES NOVELS,MOVIES HAVE LIFE CHANGING EFFECTS ON THEIR Movie Review

MANY TIMES NOVELS,MOVIES HAVE LIFE CHANGING EFFECTS ON THEIR AUDIENCE.EXPLAIN HOW A SPECIFIC OR NOVEL HAS HAD A POSTIVE EFFECT ON YOUR LIFE - Movie Review Example Upon being released to video, and then later DVD, many stores refused to carry it for sale or rent, including Blockbuster and Walmart. It has been my experience that most people who hold an opinion of this movie hold an opinion based upon the controversy it generated rather than the content of the film itself. Since this seems a less than progressive way to form an opinion, I decided to watch it and form an opinion based on what the movie seems to be about to me. The Last Temptation of Christ has had a lasting effect upon my life not only for its content, but as a method of showing that misinformed public opinion can have a lasting and damaging effect upon works of art that extend into time and form. The protest against the film centers around the supposedly blasphemous qualities it contains, including Jesus marrying and having children. Indeed, the film does feature a section in which Jesus marries and has children. But far from being blasphemous, these scenes highlight Jesus' sacred qualities because they take place within a vision-His last temptation on the cross. The point of the movie is that Jesus denies the temptation and accepts his mission as messiah. In other words, Jesus is heroic! Far from being blasphemous, the film is actually quite conservative in its adherence to religious dogma.

Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 12

Terrorism - Essay Example Fifth, the group may also be in pursuit of boosting itself. For ensuing struggle, the group may stage attacks to motivate itself. Sixth, they may be attempting to counter a government’s military power. This exposes the weaknesses of the government. Lastly, they may be attempting to take advantage of a unique historical opportunity. Such opportunities determine the existence of the group in future. According to O’Ballance, there are six characteristics of a successful terrorist. Firstly, they are dedicated to a belief of cause and follow the uncompromising demands of terrorism unconditionally. Secondly, they are always willing to sacrifice themselves since terrorism is dangerous and the individual can be killed at any instance (O’Ballance, 1979). Thirdly, they have an ability to repress emotions because they are usually required to commit heinous crimes such as killing innocent people. Fourthly, they have high intelligence because planning of attacks requires intelligence and cannot be conducted by anyone. Fifthly, education is critical because their missions demand unsuspicious travelling to foreign countries. Lastly, they have access to required resources that include money to use in travelling. Groupthink is a form of collective thinking that provides the terrorists with an opportunity to acquire the mindset of the organization. The main symptoms involved include invulnerability feeling, certainty of organization’s morality, intolerance with regard to internal dissent, and viewing the enemy as simply evil (Holmes & McConville,

Cole Scraper Essay Example for Free

Cole Scraper Essay 1. Watch the video and read through the information on diatoms and dinoflagellates. 2. Type in the appropriate columns below the characteristics that apply to diatoms, dinoflagellates and the characteristics they share Characteristics of Diatoms Similarities Between Diatoms and Dinoflagellates Characteristics of Dinoflagellates Diatoms are single cellular eukaryotes that are super tiny in size. They are pretty much like photosynthetic micro-organisms, some live simple or branched and others are filamentous and others are in a gelatinous envelope or tube. All diatoms are enclosed by something that is called frustule, which is made up of 2 valves that are fitted together by a girdle, which is a connective zone. They are both found in salt water and sometimes fresh water they could be found also. But both are a type of phytoplankton And they both play important roles in marine food webbing They also help remove carbon dioxide from air Dinoflagellates are unicellular protists; They’re planktonic. 90% of all dinoflagellates are marine plankton. They are very small as well. many of them are microscopic, the largest of them all may be as large as 2 mm in diameter! At it’s largest size. Dinoflagellates sby 2 things, flagella and movable protein strands that propel the cell through the water. The longitudinal flagellum extends out from the sulcal groove of the hypotheca when it snaps back and forth it moves the cell forward. The flattened flagellum lies in the cingulum, the groove that expands around the equator of the cell. The motion of this provides maneuvering and forward movement. The result of this is the action of the two flagella the cell spirals as it moves. Use your chart to start making a deduction about the cause of the food poisoning. Based on the information you’ve gathered do you feel that the cause of the food poisoning is a diatom or a dinoflagellate? Why? The dinoflagellate causes illness . A diatom is a small type of hard shelled plankton. So dinoflagellate causes poisoning. Why? Because it sometimes blooms millions of cells per milliliter. Some types of these certain species can produce neurotoxins, which is something that kills fish and accumulates things filter feeders. For example a shellfish, it may pass on them and then onto people who eat shellfish, which will cause food poising.

The Needle Treatment Essay examples -- Biology Essays Research Papers

The Needle Treatment Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese method of "encouraging the body to promote natural healing and improve bodily function" (1) that dates back as far as 4,700 years ago. Now for the past 25 years it has appeared in the U.S. as a popular form of alternative medicine, and it is "a licensed and regulated HealthCare profession in about half the states in the U.S." (3). It is most often called upon for problems such as lower back pain, migraines, arthritis, and additional non-fatal aches and pains. Some people say it works, others are still skeptical. Since this method does not seem to be based on "actual science", is it merely a placebo effect? Can a medical practice dated nearly five millenniums ago still prove to be valid? When acupuncture was created, some of the medical concepts it employed were relatively new; there were not many falsified stories for it to build off from. In fact, "acupuncture is said to have been theorized... by Shen Nung, the father of Chinese medicine, who also documented his theories on the heart, circulation, and pulse over 400 years before Europeans had any concept about them" (1). Since then, Europeans and Asians alike have encountered centuries of medical dilemmas and successes. Over time, hypotheses emerge and are either disproved or continue to live on as part of scientific discourse and medical practice. For this reason, most old-fashioned treatments no longer hold true when compared to methods cultivated within the great wealth of knowledge attributed to medicine today – not because we are smarter now or are more civilized, but because the field of medicine has accumulated so much more experience and has improved methods to be "less wrong" countless times. So, wh y has acup... ...l position in the womb" (4). Altogether, acupuncture has withstood the test of time; not necessarily the test of criticism. The procedure seems to work sometimes, and so it has not been falsified. It seems very beautiful, ancient and creative, and so it is left alone as a non-conventional medical alternative. But there should be more studies done on the subject, especially to prevent people from depending on it because of a desire to be all-natural. This is not reason enough to abandon centuries of experience and of scientists getting it "less wrong". Acupuncture is a possible treatment – but not a perfect one. Internet Sources: 1) http://www.cdc-cdh.edu/hospital/cardio/art16.html 2) http://www.acupuncture.edu/laymans/index.htm 3) http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/991233942.html 4) http://www.tamu.edu/univrel/aggiedaily/news/stories/00/112900-3.html The Needle Treatment Essay examples -- Biology Essays Research Papers The Needle Treatment Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese method of "encouraging the body to promote natural healing and improve bodily function" (1) that dates back as far as 4,700 years ago. Now for the past 25 years it has appeared in the U.S. as a popular form of alternative medicine, and it is "a licensed and regulated HealthCare profession in about half the states in the U.S." (3). It is most often called upon for problems such as lower back pain, migraines, arthritis, and additional non-fatal aches and pains. Some people say it works, others are still skeptical. Since this method does not seem to be based on "actual science", is it merely a placebo effect? Can a medical practice dated nearly five millenniums ago still prove to be valid? When acupuncture was created, some of the medical concepts it employed were relatively new; there were not many falsified stories for it to build off from. In fact, "acupuncture is said to have been theorized... by Shen Nung, the father of Chinese medicine, who also documented his theories on the heart, circulation, and pulse over 400 years before Europeans had any concept about them" (1). Since then, Europeans and Asians alike have encountered centuries of medical dilemmas and successes. Over time, hypotheses emerge and are either disproved or continue to live on as part of scientific discourse and medical practice. For this reason, most old-fashioned treatments no longer hold true when compared to methods cultivated within the great wealth of knowledge attributed to medicine today – not because we are smarter now or are more civilized, but because the field of medicine has accumulated so much more experience and has improved methods to be "less wrong" countless times. So, wh y has acup... ...l position in the womb" (4). Altogether, acupuncture has withstood the test of time; not necessarily the test of criticism. The procedure seems to work sometimes, and so it has not been falsified. It seems very beautiful, ancient and creative, and so it is left alone as a non-conventional medical alternative. But there should be more studies done on the subject, especially to prevent people from depending on it because of a desire to be all-natural. This is not reason enough to abandon centuries of experience and of scientists getting it "less wrong". Acupuncture is a possible treatment – but not a perfect one. Internet Sources: 1) http://www.cdc-cdh.edu/hospital/cardio/art16.html 2) http://www.acupuncture.edu/laymans/index.htm 3) http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/991233942.html 4) http://www.tamu.edu/univrel/aggiedaily/news/stories/00/112900-3.html

Race-Ethnicity and Diagnosis as Predictors Essay

The purpose of this article was to understand and examine the number of outpatients for patients with substance abuse or mental health problem. The data was collected from 12 outpatient mental health and substance abuse facilities in four U. S. Census Regions. The authors put forward three hypotheses that guided the way that they will approach the research problem. The first hypothesis was by keeping all social-demographic information constant e. g. , sex and age, the condition of non-Latino blacks and Latinos was worse when compared with non-Latino whites. The second hypothesis was that the patients with dual medical conditions e. g. mental problems and substance use disorders could be expected to visit the hospital more times when compared with patients with single medical condition. Lastly, the third hypothesis was that the number of non-Latino blacks and Latinos would have visited the hospital less frequently when compared to non-Latino whites. The target population was outpatients in the United States. The study sample of 1,899 patients with mental health and substance abuse problems was obtained from 12 outpatient mental health or substance abuse treatment centers within a period of two months (May 2001 – June 2002). Out of this number, diagnoses for 1807 patients were obtained from the medical facilities. Patients who had substance and psychiatric problems were included in the study factoring the racial-ethnicity criterion: non-Latino black, Latino and non-Latino whites. The response rate of the study was 95. 26%. This rate of success may be attributed to the fact that information was retrieved from health facilities databases. Nevertheless, specifying that the sample come from only health facilities reduces the relevance of the study because there are patients with medical and substance abuse problems and they do not visit the health facilities. External validity plays a crucial role in defining the extent of success of the project. Some information and data were missing and thus the authors had to approximate the missing data utilizing technological capabilities. However, since the data was obtained from both the public and private medical facilities indicates that all social class population was factored into the consideration. The data that were utilized were obtained from records that the medical facilities keep; hence, the data was specific and applicable in solving the hypotheses. This means that the sampling plan was appropriate to some extent (because they analyzed hospital records and not analyzing the entire community) for analyzing the effect of substance abuse and psychiatric problems. Nevertheless, the sample was not fully representative of the entire population because the sample was only picked from only 12 health facilities. Some people with psychiatric problems and substance abuse do not visit medical facilities. In the case of substance abuse, the authors could have picked additional sample from counseling and other corrective facilities such as jails. The type of study was descriptive because it tries to show the link that exists between race-ethnicity and medical conditions: mental health and substance abuse. The main threats to external validity are the extent of analysis and acquisition of the sample. The data of 92 patients was missing. However, through calculations and approximations these data was obtained, which to some extend jeopardize validity of the research. The study shows that there is some racial and ethnicity difference in substance abuse and psychiatric problems in population of non-Latino black, non-Latino white and Latinos. The study should have extended to other population type such as Hispanics and African-Americans to understand the real extent of mental conditions and substance abuse to the entire population. The independent variables were the group of the targeted population e. g. Non-Latinos white, non-Latino black and Latinos. The dependent variables are the medical conditions that were being analyzed e. g. substance abuse and psychiatric conditions. The intervening variables are the link and relationship that exists between the medical conditions and patients who accessed the medical facility. The authors were able to balance and analyze dependent, independent and intervening variables in achieving the goals of the study. The authors collected the data from outpatient facilities in twelve medical facilities. The data was obtained from the hospital databases and other recordings. Moreover, additional data was obtained through approximation of missing sample data. The authors were able to visit both public and private facilities to ensure for some external credibility. This strategy ensured that specific data was utilized in the study. Obtaining the data from medical facilities increased its validity and reliability. However, the approximation of the missing data was the main weakness and specifying the population that is analyzed e. g. obtaining data from medical facilities rather than obtaining additional data from other agencies. The data that was obtained was grouped into six parts utilizing the BASIS-24 domains with the help of PROC MI in obtaining the missing data. The authors obtained diagnosis for 1,807 patients out of the 1,899 patients. From the analysis, the authors found out that Latino and Non-Latino black patients reported worse symptoms of substance use disorders and psychiatric disorders when compared with non-Latino white. The authors found out that there was no relation between race-ethnicity with medical conditions. The study also showed that Latinos reported greater emotional liability, self-harm symptoms and interpersonal functioning compared with non-Latino blacks and non-Latino whites. Additionally, the study found out that self-harm symptoms were greater in non-Latino black when compared with non-Latino whites. The unique difference that existed between the Latinos and non-Latino blacks is that the severity of substance use disorders in non-Latino blacks is greater than that of the Latino. The authors found that the relationship that exists among the three populations types was depressive symptoms and their (population) functioning capabilities. The findings of the study differed with evidence that indicates lower rates of mental health problems between the Latino and non-Latino black populations in the treatment of substance abuse. The authors have clearly explained strengths and shortcomings that may occur. The strength of the methodology was the ability of the authors to pick specific data in hospitals and utilizing it to understand the medical condition of the population. The methodology that was utilized had various weaknesses, especially in collecting the data and analyzing it. The population that was utilized did not define the entire population because the authors utilized medical records. They could have incorporated other institutions in understanding substance abuse and psychiatric conditions. Moreover, they obtained some missing data through utilization of technological machines. This increase chances of errors in the final analysis. The authors were able to compare their findings with previous research and the conclusion indicates the entire study has achieved its goals.

Compare the relationship and characters Essay

As Winston continues to write his diary, he begins to write it as though it were for O’Brien to read. Despite the fact that Winston has been having a relationship with a woman called Julia, he still feels the need to look toward O’Brien for approval of his ideas. When O’Brien invites him to his house, Winston begins to believe that in fact, O’Brien is a conspirator against the Party. Winston visits O’Brien and admits to being a â€Å"thought criminal†. O’Brien tells Winston that â€Å"The Brotherhood†, a shadowy organisation run by Emmanuel Goldstein that is working against â€Å"the Party†, does indeed exist. O’Brien is thorough and concise in his explanation. We see very subtle clues however, that O’Brien could be leading Winston into a trap. He is unsurprised to hear Winston repeat the quote from his dream â€Å"we shall meet again in the place where there is no darkness† and repeats it himself as though it were repetition of a previously held conversation â€Å"‘in the place where there is no darkness’ he said, as though he had recognised the allusion. † (Page 185) He also say’s earlier â€Å"we are the dead† (Page 183). This was something Winston had said earlier in the book that O’Brien couldn’t have heard unless he had been spying on him. Despite this Winston’s admiration grows for O’Brien to almost worship. Again this reinforces Winston’s weakness. Despite the fact that O’Brien could easily be a member of the thought Police attempting to entrap him, he is quite willing to admit to being a thought criminal. Even though O’Brien gave off a suggestion that he may have been spying on him, Winston suspicion is not aroused and in fact his admiration of O’Brien is increased. O’Brien seems to be everything Winston is not. Winston is neurotic, nervous and physically weak. He lacks the power to change the world he lives in and looks to others to take the initiative and lead him in his revolt against the system. O’Brien is so calm, cool and collected. He gives off an air of inner strength and power this is accentuated by his strong physical form. Despite this he also has a softer, kindly side to his nature. He seems to have all the answers to Winston’s questions and makes him feel safe â€Å"When you looked at O’Brien’s powerful shoulders and his blunt-featured face, so ugly yet so civilised, it was impossible to believe he could be defeated† (Page 183). Winston shows all the classic signs of looking toward O’Brien as a father figure. Later on after receiving â€Å"the book† from O’Brien, a piece that Documents the true state of the world and how to bring down the party, Winston is captured by â€Å"The Thought Police† He is taken to the â€Å"Ministry of Love† There are no windows and the lights are constantly on. Suddenly the statement â€Å"the place where there is no darkness† comes into focus. What had seemed like a positive analogy with the Darkness alluding to the unpleasant world of 1984 is turned on its head. What was really meant was that the place where there is no darkness is actually a jail, where the lights are never turned off. Winston still has a blind faith in O’Brien and futilely believes that O’Brien may try and save him. However, O’Brien and Winston are about to meet again, but their relationship is about to enter a new stage. When O’Brien appears at the door of his cell, Winston even now deludes himself into thinking that O’Brien has been captured. However he soon puts Winston straight indicating that he is Winston’s incarcerator and telling him â€Å"You knew this Winston† and adds â€Å"you have always known it† (both Page 251). After a series of beating that degrade Winston to a state of almost complete humiliation, O’Brien begins to interrogate him. O’Brien begins by breaking him down with a series of torture techniques and drugs. In one instance, O’Brien takes Winston’s symbolic stance that â€Å"Freedom is the Freedom to say 2 + 2 = 4† and through a series of Electrocutions makes Winston start to believe that 2 + 2 actually = 5. O’Brien tells Winston that by controlling memory and records, that â€Å"The Party† can dictate reality â€Å"who controls the past controls the future and who controls the future controls the past† (Page 260). O’Brien also tells Winston that they do not intend to punish him, but simply convert him to their ways of thought, before he is executed. O’Brien has undoubtedly become Winston’s tormentor, putting him through horrendous torture. He has broken Winston down and begins to undermine all of his free thinking ideas. O’Brien and Winston move toward a Teacher/Pupil relationship. Like a promising student Winston questions O’Brien’s beliefs, forcing him to justify them. Whilst O’Brien almost sees Winston as a proti gi e, trying to show Winston the error of his ways â€Å"He had the air of a Doctor, a Teacher, even a Priest, anxious to explain and persuade rather than punish. † O’Brien also displays an ability to read Winston’s mind. It may be that he has a telepathic power, but it could also be the scientific approach that O’Brien seems to take with everything he does. He is an expert in the subject of thought. I believe that he has studied Winston in immense detail over many years and can actually predict his thought patterns. O’Brien has already thought out their conversations in his head and predicted Winston’s responses. He is an experienced interrogator and probable member of the Thought Police. It is likely he is able to pick up from a person’s expressions and body language what they may be thinking. I also think that the link between them may have seen O’Brien take a special interest in Winston, maybe the same thought patterns had crossed O’Brien’s mind at some stage in his life. Eventually Winston is almost completely â€Å"cured†. However, he retains his love of Julia. O’Brien decides to expose him to his worst fear in Room 101. Winston wears a mask that allows rats to be released on his face. He has an immense fear of Rat’s and finally screams out for them to be released on Julia instead of him. Finally O’Brien has reached through into his soul and Winston is truly defeated. The book ends with Winston drinking coffee in a bar where Traitors live out their days before execution. Winston has abandoned all his ideas of free thought and rebellion. He realises that rather than hating Big Brother, he actually loves Big Brother. O’Brien and Winston’s relationship goes through several stages. It starts with Winston seeing O’Brien as a hope, somebody who might be having the same thoughts as him. Then he believes O’Brien will be the freedom fighter who will put an end to the totalitarian state the world has become. Finally he becomes Winston’s tormentor, inflicting pain on him in order to â€Å"cure† him of his â€Å"disease†. Through all this though O’Brien and Winston’s relationship maintains a theme. Winston looks up to O’Brien as somebody with immense Power, who can protect him and control his destiny. Even during torture when O’Brien is unseen Winston believes he is there, orchestrating the beatings and keeping him alive. He believes blindly throughout that O’Brien is his saviour. In the end perhaps O’Brien does become his saviour. Winston finally is released from the fear of Big Brother and detection for thought crime. He loves Big Brother and looks forward to his execution. In the end, despite the tragedy of his failure, Winston finally seems to be able to face his fate alone.

Major Themes in Much Ado About Nothing

Major Themes in Much Ado About Nothing Shakespeare’s treatment of love in ​Much Ado About Nothing​ differs from his other romantic comedies. Sure, it shares the same​ stagy plot, which finishes with the lovers finally getting together, but Shakespeare also mocks the conventions of courtly love that were popular at the time. Although Claudio and Hero’s marriage is central to the plot, their love at first sight–type of relationship is the least interesting one in the play. Instead, the audiences attention is drawn to Benedick and Beatrice’s unromantic backbiting. This relationship seems more believable and enduring because they are painted as a match of intellectual equals and dont fall in love with each other based on superficiality. By contrasting these two different types of love, Shakespeare manages to poke fun at the conventions of courtly, romantic love. Claudio uses highly contrived language when speaking of love, which is undermined by Benedick and Beatrice’s banter: â€Å"Can the world buy such a jewel?† says Claudio of Hero. â€Å"My dear Lady Disdain! Are you yet living?† says Benedick of Beatrice. As an audience, we are supposed to share Benedick’s frustration with Claudio’s transparent, pompous rhetoric of love: â€Å"He was wont to speak plain and to the purpose, like an honest man and a soldier...His words are a very fantastical banquet, just so many strange dishes.† DeceptionFor Bad and Good As the title suggests, there is a lot of fuss over very little in the play- after all, if Claudio weren’t so impetuous, Don John’s rather weak plan to ruin Don Pedros reputation and disrupt the marriage of Claudio and Hero wouldn’t have worked at all. What makes the plot so intricate is the use of deception throughout, via trickery, lies, written messages, eavesdropping, and spying. Back when the play was staged, the audience would have understood that title is also a pun on noting, or being observant, even bringing the deception theme into the title. (The words are thought to have been pronounced similarly back then.) The most obvious example of deception is when Don John falsely slanders Hero for his own mischief, which is countered by the friar’s plan to pretend Hero is dead. The manipulation of Hero from both sides renders her a passive character throughout the play. She does very little and becomes an interesting character only through the other character’s deceit.   Perception of Reality Deception is also used as a force for good in the play, as in Beatrice and Benedick’s scenes where they overhear conversations. Here, the device is used to great comic effect and to manipulate the two lovers into accepting each other. The use of deception in their storyline is necessary because it is the only way they could be convinced to allow love into their lives. Phrased another way, the theme could also be called one of perception, or how truth can differ from reality. Both couples have to discover the true nature of their beloved. It is interesting that all of Much Ado’s characters are so willing to be deceived: Claudio doesn’t stop to suspect Don John’s actions, both Benedick and Beatrice are willing to completely change their worldview after overhearing things about each other, and Claudio is willing to marry a complete stranger to appease Leonato. But, then again, it is a lighthearted Shakespearean comedy.

Hamlet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Hamlet - Essay Example The significance of the castle helps us to remember that we are dealing with characters of royalty. Other significant settings include a theater in Elsinore where Hamlet exposes Claudius for murder and the scene in the graveyard where Hamlet discovers that Ophelia is dead. The primary theme of Hamlet is revenge followed by indecision and uncertainty as close second and third. These themes work together to create superior tension in the play. Death is also a theme in the play in that the play begins and ends with it. Everyone in the play is touched by death in some way or another and it fuels human emotion from one end of the gamut to another. Revenge is what drives the action of the play in that Hamlet is prodded by the ghost of his father to avenge his death. The ghost is persistent and while Hamlet knows what it is he should do, he encounters difficulty doing it. The theme of indecision emerges as Hamlet tried to find reason to believe the ghost is that of his father, which brings us to the theme of uncertainty. At first, Hamlet believes the ghost to be evil and calls it a â€Å"goblin damned† (Shakespeare I.iv.44); however, not long after saying this he calls the ghost, â€Å"King, father, Royal Dane† (I.iv.50). Death becomes a theme in the play and it is something that hamlet cannot escape. He meets in at the beginning of the play and is deeply affected by it. His melanholy mood causes him to wish his â€Å"sullied flesh would melt, / Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew† (I.ii.33-4). Here he is so distraught, he thinks it might be better to be dead. His attitude is also impacted by his father’s death. He states, â€Å"How weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable / Seem to me all the uses of the world! (I.ii.137-8). Here we can see how Hamlet’s attitude is reflected in his worldview. Hamlet is the protagonist in this play and his objective is to avenge his father’s death. The ghost makes this known early in the play.

Nursing leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nursing leadership - Essay Example The perception of nursing is fundamentally described as the execution of clinical practices for the motive of facilitating every individual to enhance well as recover from different difficulties relating to their health. The major aim of nursing is to promote health along with growth and also to prevent the individuals from any sort of disease or injury. However, the other purposes of nursing include assisting speedy recovery of the individuals or the patients, facilitating independence in terms of health, complying with the needs of the patients and most importantly enhancing the well being of the individuals (Royal College of Nursing, 2003). Apart from the purposes, the notion of nursing entails certain significant responsibilities. It can be stated in the similar context that the responsibilities include performing physical examinations of the individuals or the patients, delivering health education along with counseling and managing care in association with different healthcare p rofessionals (Meleis, 2011). In this discussion, the significance, effectiveness as well as the applicability of nursing leadership on patient and staff outcomes in contemporary clinical practice contexts will be taken into concern. Discussion The term ‘leadership’ is principally described as a comprehensive procedure of recognizing a specific aim as well as motivating other people to perform deliberate activities for the purpose of attaining the desired objectives. Moreover, the notion of leadership is also defined as a method in which an individual broadly influences a collection of people or individuals in order to accomplish the common objectives (Northouse, 2009). The aspect of nursing leadership is defined as those activities which are usually performed by a nurse practitioner for enhancing the health as well as the safety of the individuals or the patients. The different leadership capabilities of a nursing leader comprise frequently consulting with the patients about their health, appropriately administering their treatments, making valuable decisions and coping up with the problems which arises within the team members or multidisciplinary colleagues. In relation to the aspect of leadership, it has been apparently observed that the various qualities of an effectual nursing leader encompass courage, integrity, initiative and most significantly possessing the capability to manage stress. Additionally, the other characteristics of a nursing leader are making effective communication with the team members or the multidisciplinary colleagues, incorporating new as well as creating innovative ideas, making deliberate work planning and encouraging staff participation within the background of healthcare settings (Frankel, 2008). The term ‘applicability’ is generally described as relevant or appropriate which may be applied in order to attain any significant response. Furthermore, the term can also be defined as a premeditated activity o f applying any sort of sensible applications for a particular purpose. The application of different methods as well as logical planning schemes can ultimately support the organizations along with their leaders to attain the preferred objectives successfully. The objectives may include attaining considerable market share, enhancing the profitability and accomplishing a significant competitive position over the chief market contenders (Medina, 2002). Conversely, the term ‘effectiveness’ is primarily described as the capability of accomplishing a desired result by the implementation of various policies or procedures. The term also depicts the extent towards which the goals are attained and the degree towards which the targeted difficulties are solved (Waldt, 2004). The significance, applicability as well as the effectiveness of nursing leadership on patient and staff outcomes in contemporary clinical practice context relates to the important fact that a ‘clinical nur se leader’ plays an imperative part in enhancing the hea