The Death Penalty And Capital Punishment - 931 Words

In Ancient Greece, about 621 BC, the first Athenian legal system was first written down (Robert). The death penalty was applied for a particularly wide range of crimes. The Romans also used death penalty for a wide range of offenses. Historically, the death sentence was often handled with torture, and executions, except that it was done in public. In this century, the death penalty, execution or capital punishment, whatever you’d like to refer it as, is the result for committing capital crimes or capital offences and it is not in public. The death penalty has been practiced by most societies in the past, as a punishment for criminals, and political or religious dissidents. Despite the fact that many countries have negated the death penalty, over 60% of the world s population live in nations where executions still take place, such as China, India, the United States and Indonesia. Since 2009, mostly every country has banned the placement of the death penalty for a person under t he age of 18. Many countries have abolished capital punishment either in law or in practice. The only countries who still perform these executions are Iran, Saudi Arabia, Sudan and Pakistan. In the United States, Michigan was the first state to ban the death penalty, on May 18, 1846. The death penalty was declared illegal between 1972 and 1976, but in 1976 the Gregg v. Georgia case once again allowed the death penalty under certain circumstances. In the United States, 19 states and the District ofShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty1482 Words   |  6 PagesMrs. McElmoyl 12/12/14 Capital Punishment As stated by former governor of New York, Mario M. Cuomo, Always I have concluded the death penalty is wrong because it lowers us all; it is a surrender to the worst that is in us; it uses a power- the official power to kill by execution- that has never brought back a life, need inspired anything but hate. (Cuomo 1) This is one of the main arguments against capital punishment (also known as the death sentence.) Capital punishment is the ability for a governmentRead MoreCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty1410 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment in America In 1976 the Supreme Court of the United States of America ruled the Death Penalty constitutionally permissible. The debate over capital punishment has always been a topic of great controversy. Before the Supreme Court ruling in 1976 America had been practicing capital punishment for centuries. At the current time some states enforce the death penalty, while some do not. There are differences of opinion’s relating to whether or not the death penalty is the proper wayRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1017 Words   |  5 PagesName: Lucas Falley Topic: Capital Punishment Background: Capital punishment, or the death penalty, has existed for thousands of years. For as long as there has been organized society, the death penalty has existed in numerous cultures and civilizations. Throughout the years the methods have changed, but the use of capital punishment is becoming a pressing matter. Amnesty International reports that there are 140 countries worldwide that have abolished the death penalty, while over 50 countries stillRead MoreThe Death Penalty Of Capital Punishment1480 Words   |  6 Pagesjustice system, such as the death penalty. Capital punishment has been used many times in history all around the world, and it was quite popular. Many people argue that capital punishment is useful in deterring crime and that it is only fair that criminals receive death as punishment for a heinous crime. On the contrary, others see the death penalty as a violation of the 8th amendment. It restricts excessive fines, and it also does not allow cruel and unusual punishment t o be inflicted upon criminalsRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty991 Words   |  4 PagesCapital Punishment Imagine your having a normal morning, eating breakfast doing your normal routine. Suddenly your phone rings and when you answer you hear the worst news possible. One of your family members has just been murdered in cold blood. You cry, mourn, then become angry. You attend the court hearing and you sit less than 20 feet away from the murderer. Do you truly believe this person deserves to live? Or should they face a punishment that is equal to their crime? Some may say CapitalRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Capital Punishment1569 Words   |  7 Pagesthe death penalty also referred to as capital punishment. The death penalty is both useless and harmful to not only criminals but also their potential victims. This paper uses these horrific facts to try and convince the reader that the death penalty should be done away with before it is too late, although that time may have already come. With supporting evidence to support my cause, I hope that the following information sways at least one reader to see the harm of keeping the death penalty an activeRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1235 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is capital punishment? Why do people support it, but yet people cherish lives? Is it a moral thing to do? Should one be for or against the Death Penalty? Let’s take a look deep into the world of justices and why capital punishment still exists in today’s society. Capital punishment or the death penalty is a feder al punishment given to criminals who are convicted of murders. It is the highest law punishment available that can prevent future murders by developing fear within them. Capital punishmentRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is A Capital Punishment1271 Words   |  6 Pages What is the death penalty? The death penalty is a capital punishment that is punishable by death or execution. This is usually given to people that have committed serious offences or capital crimes. There are 31 states in the United States that are for the death penalty. Crimes that are punishable by the death penalty, vary from state to state. Examples of such crimes are; first degree murder or premeditated murder, murder with special circumstances, such as: intended, multiple, and murder whichRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1539 Words   |  7 PagesCapital punishment, otherwise known as the death penalty, has been the center of debate for a long time. Capital punishment may be defined as the â€Å" [e]xecution of an offender sentenced to death after conviction by a court of law of a criminal offense† (Capital Punishment). Up until 1846, when Michigan became the first to abolish the death sentence, all states allowed legal practice of capital punishment by the government (States). Currently, there 32 states still supporting the death penalty and 18Read MoreCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty965 Words   |  4 Pagesof Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online (2016), capital punishment, generally known as death penalty, is the ‘execution of an offender sentenced to death after conviction by a court of law of a criminal offense . In short, it is a legally sanctioned and administered punishment for capital criminals by forfeiture of life. To this date, bounded by four influential international protocols that proclaim the abolition and forbid the reintroduction of death penalty, more than half of the nations in the world

Competition Level Between Shanghai Port and Busan Port Free Essays

Shanghai Port Is located In the front edge of the Yawning River Delta and It becomes the first busiest container port In the world whereas Bushman Port which Is located In the southern part of the Korean peninsula ranked the fifth. Both ports handle approximately 90% of the total container throughput, and they are also the major hubs of the seaborne transportation in the world (World Port Source AAA, World Port Source Bibb). This essay will discuss the level of competition between Bushman Port and Shanghai Port, and identify the external factors that should be considered by both ports’ management in developing their strategic development plans. We will write a custom essay sample on Competition Level Between Shanghai Port and Busan Port or any similar topic only for you Order Now Level of competition The late growth of China on a global scale in recent years has affected on both Bushman Port and Shanghai Port In several levels of competition. There are three key competitions between them which are geographical positioning, transshipment capableness and low comparative costs. In terms of geographical positioning, Bushman Port has become an appropriate choice due to Its location between Japan and China. It has mm water depth and planning to Increase up to mm In 2020, and Its world class infrastructure allows the calling of mega large vessels. Furthermore, Bushman Port has 41 container berths and systematic connections for global logistics corporations to help save costs and time, so it can act as a feeder hub aiming for small ports for a majority of North-East Asian transshipment carriers. For example, inland transport in Northern China will be expensive and inconvenient, thus exporters or importers choose to transport their shipments to Bushman Port first then Shanghai Port (BAA 013). On the other hand, China created Shanghai as a finance shipping hub because Shanghai Is a port city. It became an international maritime capital because It focused on economic Instead of political logic (BAA 2013). Similarly, both Shanghai Port and Bushman Port are part of the mall trunk line functioning as hub port for relative countries, but Shanghai Port has the ambition to challenge Bushman Port as the main hub port of Northeast Asia. This Is because the growth of container volume In China ports has been fuelled by the decision of many multinational companies to locate production of a whole range of consumer goods from their domestic plants, mainly in USA and Europe, to China where production costs are much cheaper (Park, Anderson Choc 2006). However, the inconsistent weather of China has benefited South Korea. For instance, ports in China are forced to close for up to two weeks of each calendar year due to fog and stormy weather. Moreover, Shanghai Port could not compete with Bushman Port deep water harbor, causing It failed to attract mega huge vessels from big corporation to call (Shepherd 2011). Regarding to reinstatement capabilities, Shepherd (2011) stated that the newly extended feeder network of Bushman Port connects with over sixty others ports In China, five In Russia, and thirty In Japan, making Its as the chosen destination for huge vessels and to transshipment cargo. Conversely, the development of Hangs New Port which is traffic and establishing transshipment capabilities comparing to its old Wigwagging container terminal. Moreover, Shanghai Port is improving its customs clearance procedure and cargo handling system to attract more transshipment cargo (McKinney 2011). Consequently, both ports have similar transshipment capabilities which are also the main competitiveness between them. Towards low comparative costs, in order to attract more transshipment cargo, Bushman Port promoted ‘Free Trade Zone’, reducing port tariffs, and exempting 100% of Transshipment Entrance Fee since 2003 as the marketing strategies to attract foreign investment and compete with Shanghai Port (Park, Anderson and Choc 2006). For example, the exemption of the $2. 0 for 1 TEE entrance fee could reduce the $2,200 fee for a vessel carrying 1,000 TIES, and it also provides exclusive berths for coastal shipping companies and offers volume incentives to secure more cargo volumes (BAA 2013). On the other hand, Shanghai Port utilized a Volume Incentive System for shipping companies when the transportation volume is increas ed by more than 20% compared with the previous year. In addition, the Shanghai Port has also been trying to improve competitiveness by discounting port tariff in the Hangs New Port, and plan to establish logistics Free Trade Zone in the hinterland (Park, Anderson and Choc 2006). External factors in developing strategic plans There are several external factors that should be considered by Bushman Port and Shanghai Port in developing their strategies development plans. The first factor is the government involvement. According to Lee, Lee, Gang Lee (201 1), port management had changed rapidly in recent years due to the structural changes in international trade and sea transport, so government plays an important role to cope with the changes of environment. The establishment of co-petition and global network between competitors will generate positive impact on efficiency and access of the port management strategies with the special government support (Shepherd 2011). In addition, government can encourage shipping companies to form alliances where they can connect their transport system hence improving services. Moreover, the supplementary government supports with positive impact on efficiency, credibility, and competitiveness of the port management strategies could lead Bushman Port to have greater impact function as a Northeast Sais’s hub-Port (McKinney 2011). Additionally, the advancement of government policies are followed by the changes made in the environment of port management. How government involves in port management will impact on the port’s future developing of plans. In Shanghai, the central government had not implicated in the ownership of ports, but had got involved in an oversight role for strategic planning. For example, local authority had rights to undertake the ports planning, but still all plans had to be approved by central government (Xx 2007). This cooperation between government and port management will lead to improvement of international trade. Furthermore, comply with the Port Laws, it can encourage foreign investment as to build an attractive business environment in Shanghai Port, presenting Shanghai Port as an International Shipping Centre (SC) (McKinney 2011). Secondly, the growth of ports in the world had been affected due to the global economic downturn in 2012. Negative economic growth will not only put current projects at risks, but also the future project. This will the government to have less revenues and resources (Waters 2012). Therefore, the government should step in and take control of the situation. Government needs to prepare the country to become a low cost and high productivity place to invest which then attracts foreign investments, helping the country to generate profits. For example, government could implement strategies, such as education and direct investment (FED) to promote the local economy for future development of ports (Port Technology 2013). The investment in human capital or education can produce workers with better knowledge, and the productivity will increase when workers have more capabilities. Moreover, governments can send port employees to countries like Singapore and Hong Kong to familiarize with their operating system as they are the world most efficient ports. This will improve the port technology and productivity whilst workers return. Furthermore, economic growth can be achieved with the redevelopment of Bushman North Port and the nearer completion of Bushman New Port had as it will create whereas Shanghai Port can also benefited from the increase of national strength in China (Xx 2007). Another factor is the inland transport system. A well developed port should also include efficient inland transport. This is because multinational shipping company will normally choose port with speedy and productivity connection between the port and inland transportation to faster deliver cargoes to their customers (ROR, Lanai Maim 2007). Therefore, both South Korea and China government should increase attention and funding towards the improvement of inland transport system within the port, such as railway network which connect to major cities in the countries. Moreover, the investments in rail and road access could help Bushman Port and Shanghai Port to remain as the major container hubs in the world, and create a swift, simple and cheap choice of transportation to transfer cargo within the countries as well as produce more Jobs for the locals (Shepherd 2011). In addition, governments could also focus on congestion robber especially in the city to allow trucks to transport goods more rapidly. For example, encouraging trucks to operate in certain hours and taking a detour road can help to save time and cost (Lee 2013). As a result, good connection of inland transport could help Bushman Port and Shanghai Port reduces the problem of congestion, and also allows cargoes could smoothly move through the port. Apart from the previous mentioned factors, environmental pollution is another key external factor that Bushman Port and Shanghai Port have to consider in developing their strategic development Lana. There are several causes of the port environmental pollution. For instance, diesel engines at ports, trucks, trains, and cargo handling equipment, creating a lot of air pollution that has affected the health of port workers, and residents living in the communities. In addition, major ports especially Shanghai operating around residential areas or city, causing both workers and residents to face extraordinarily high health risks which related to air pollution. According from the human epidemiological and California studies, diesel exhaust increases risks of cancer, and approximately 70% of the cancer risk is caused by air pollution (NRC 2004). Furthermore, the dredging berth and deepening access channels of Shanghai Port and Bushman Port in order to accommodate large vessels in the future are causing water pollution. It not only damages the water quality, marine life and ecosystems, traffic Jams, and could be loud, ugly and brightly lit at night. These effects also pose negative health effects to human. For instance, noise pollution has been linked to hearing impairment, high blood pressure, lack of sleep, performance reduction, and even aggression behavior. Bright lights at night and the flashing lights of straddle carries and forklifts could influence surrounding residents, leading stress and irritation (NRC 2004). Consequently, Bushman Port and Shanghai Port have to do their best to avoid, to prevent, to control, and to measure the environmental pollution which caused by several port operations, with the ultimate aim to become a green port. Conclusion In conclusion, Bushman Port and Shanghai Port have their own respective advantages to compete with each other in several aspects in order to gain competitive advantages in the marine industry. However, there are several external factors that Bushman Port and Shanghai Port have to take into consideration while developing their strategic development plans in order to avoid the disadvantages to them. How to cite Competition Level Between Shanghai Port and Busan Port, Papers

Organisation structure free essay sample

The organization structure refers to the ways in which the organization’s activities are divided, grouped, and coordinated between managers and employees. The structure is based on the organizational design and has to be appropriate to the strategy of the organization Cream Dream is a small business concern at present. It has a very limited line of products and needs to make efficient use of its resources. Based on its size and product offerings, the organization will adopt functional organization structure, which is the most basic and logical form of structure. The structure will provide a slim management structure. There is one Managing Director who is also being responsible for financial aspect of the business. There are one general manager who is responsible for will look into administration, marketing side and human resource . In Cream Dream, the senior-ranking managers are responsible for the operations of the entire organization. The chain of command is being maintain, that is who reports to whom. We will write a custom essay sample on Organisation structure or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This will ensure better supervision of the employees through proper guidance and control. Competitive Edge Our competitive edge is our unique niche in an old market. Although restaurants, cafes, bakeries, ice cream shops, etc have an established position in the marketplace, none are quite like Rutabaga Sweets. We are offering the customers a completely new experience and far higher quality product. No where else will they find a professional chef preparing gourmet desserts right in front of them. The amazing popularity of the Food Network is proof of the publics new-found interest in being a spectator in the kitchen. Read more: http://www. bplans. com/dessert_bakery_business_plan/competitive_edge_fc. php#ixzz2vfToHlof Our competition will be more varied. Since this is the first combination of a convenience store and ice cream/soda shop, competition will result from two areas. 1. Convenience stores- This competition will be from national franchises that have established convenience stores in or near Bend, Oregon. Although they will focus more on the in-and-out customer, we will be able to provide the same speed with better quality and service. 2. Ice cream/soda shops- One such store exists currently in Bend. While they have a strong customer base, we will be able to break into the market due to our prime location near the OSU campus and the variety of products and services that can be attained at one place. 3. Coffee shops- There are many coffee shops that offer a place for reading or studying. However, The Coffee Break will focus on providing gourmet coffee for those needing to continue on with their day. We feel that great coffee should not be available only for those who want to stay and mingle. Our coffee will soon be a recognized as a known standard for campus drinks, especially since there are no other nearby coffee shops for those on campus. Read more: http://www. bplans. com/convenience_store_soda_fountain_business_plan/products_and_services_fc. php#ixzz2vfWNg3tp Competitive Edge Convenience stores are nothing new and can frequently be found is towns and cities. Location and demand are essential to be successful and profitable. The Coffee Breaks location will be a large factor to its success. Often, students do not want to travel distances between classes or during their scheduled day. We will be able to facilitate their needs at a great convenience, while still providing exceptional quality. Also, our location will be easily accessible for those who are traveling to Mount Bachelor or other outdoor recreation areas. The Coffee Break will not only offer convenience, but good quality foods and goods. Well offer a feeling of nostalgia by operating a soda fountain and ice cream extension to the basic convenience store. We will also will provide high quality beverages, including a small coffee bar. Unlike other convenience stores, we will offer food different from that of a common convenience stores food selection. We will provide a variety of meals and snacks that are tasty and nutritious. Our location, merchandise, and attention to customer service will put The Coffee Break ahead of competition. Also, our extended hours will facilitate those who need items after supermarkets have closed. Read more: http://www. bplans. com/convenience_store_soda_fountain_business_plan/strategy_and_implementation_summary_fc. php#ixzz2vfWuqoTH Management Summary The Coffee Break will operate under the owner, Bree Sallee. At start-up there will be 4 other employees, this will be increased as the market shows demand for more assistance. 6. 1 Organizational Structure Owner, Bree Sallee, will be sole manager while The Coffee Break gets established. Due to the fluctuation in operational factors, most work will be carried on by students who desire flexible hours. All employees will answer directly to Bree Sallee. By having smaller shifts, this will also save in the compensation needed for employees, such as insurance. 6. 2 Management Team Bree Sallee, is owner/manager. With many years of experience in the retail and food channels, she understands the fluctuation in market demands. Also, she has resided in Bend for the past 15 years, cultivating an understanding for the local market. She has a Bachelors degree from Boise State University. The need for additional managers will be evaluated based on our personnel need and budget. 6. 3 Personnel Plan The Coffee Break will start with 4 employees, along with owner. From there, we will be able to determine the need for additional help. As the recreational season fluctuates along with the school term, we will gather employees accordingly. Personnel Plan Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Bree Sallee $19,200 $20,525 $22,450 Other $3,360 $3,360 $3,360 Cashier 1 $6,720 $7,436 $7,602 Cashier 2 $6,720 $7,436 $7,602 Cashier 3 $6,720 $7,436 $7,602 Cashier 4 $6,720 $7,436 $7,602 Total People 6 6 6 Total Payroll $49,440 $53,629 $56,220 Read more: http://www. bplans. com/convenience_store_soda_fountain_business_plan/management_summary_fc. php#ixzz2vfXP9k6h Competitive Comparison No other business in El Centro specifically caters to the shaved ice market on a large scale. It is anticipated that prices will be competitive with other businesses who sell shave ice on a smaller basis. Read more: http://www. bplans. com/shaved_ice_beverage_business_plan/products_fc. php#ixzz2vfYRKb8f Competition and Buying Patterns The shave ice business will be new to El Centro. Competitors in this type of business primarily sell raspados or sno-cones and do not focus on the shave ice market. One major competitor is the Snow Shack located on State Street. Snow Shack sells sno-cones through a small, one person trailer with limited choices of syrups. Other competitors sell sno-cones through Garcias Market and the Wal-Mart store which also have limited syrup selections and do not necessarily focus on the sno-cone or shave ice industry as their primary product. The keys to success will definitely focus on selling shave ice and not sno-cones made with coarse ice and selling high quality syrups. Prices will also be competitive with those of the competition. Management Summary Ice Dreams will hire an employee to assist with the business. Ice Dreams will require minimum daily supervision after it has been established since all three products are fairly easy to make. 6. 1 Organizational Structure Ofelia R. Arellano, the owner, will have one individual assisting her with the business. Long range plans will include a second employee to assist with the weekend hours. 6. 2 Management Team Ofelia R. Arellano is the most important member of the management team. Dr. Arellano is a graduate of the University of California, Santa Barbara with several advanced degrees (Masters and Doctorate in Psychology). She has spent the last six years working as an administrator overseeing a budget of approximately $800,000. Ofelia will oversee the business primarily during the weekend hours and Frank Arellano will oversee the business during weekdays along with one employee. Business expertise include: Budget Control History Based Budgeting Object-Code Budgeting Program Budgeting Planned Programming Budgeting Systems Personnel Management Management by Goals and Objectives Strategic Planning Long-Range Planning Total Quality Management Operational Planning Public Relations Advertising for Educational Purposes Marketing Research Consulting Community Leadership Advisory Boards Business and Educational Partnerships City Planning and Development Board of Director, San Ysidro Planning and Development Group Business Needs Assessment and Consultation Board of Directors, San Ysidro Chamber of Commerce Frank Arellano will serve as a consultant on a volunteer basis. Mr. Arellano spent over 35 years in the retail business handling marketing and inventory for a major food chain. He is familiar with all aspects of business management and operations having owned and operated his own grocery store in El Centro. Mr. Arellano will also assist in the building design, landscaping layout and business marketing. Mr. Arellano will supervise the business during the week days which means managing one employee. 6. 3 Personnel Plan Monthly personnel cost estimates are included in the following table. Personnel Plan Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Assistant $10,800 $11,232 $11,681 Owner $0 $0 $0 Total People 1 1 1 Total Payroll $10,800 $11,232 $11,681